Abin da muka sani game da birnin Mocha da Houthi suka mamaye

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mocha ta sake ɗaukar hankalin duniya bayan rahotannin cewa mayakan Houthi sun karɓe iko da yankin.

Tashar tana da muhimmanci ta fuskar dabarun yaƙi saboda tana gaɓar Tekun Maliya, kusa da mashigin Bab al-Mandab, ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin ruwa da ake amfani da su wajen jigilar kayayyaki a duniya.

Majiyoyin soji da shaidun gani da ido sun ce mayaƙan Houthi na Yemen sun ƙwace iko da birnin da tashar jiragen ruwa na Mocha daga hannun dakarun da ke biyayya ga gwamnatin Yemen kuma Saudiyya ke mara wa baya.

Ƙwace birnin ya sanya ƙungiyar da Iran ke mara wa baya ta samu iko da kusan kilomita 75 daga mashigin Bab al-Mandab, wanda shi ne ƙofar kudancin zirga-zrigar kasuwanci da ta haɗa Asiya da Turai.

Ko da yake Houthi sun dage cewa ba sa barazana ga zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na ƙasa da ƙasa, sun sake yin gargaɗin cewa za su kai hari kan jiragen ruwa masu alaƙa da Saudiyya.

Wannan na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da Saudiyya ke ƙara dogaro da hanyar Tekun Maliya wajen fitar da man fetur tun bayan yaƙin Amurka da Isra'ila da Iran da kuma rufe mashigin Hormuz da ke Tekun Fasha.

Abin da muka sani game da birnin Mocha

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mocha tana yammacin lardin Taiz, mai tazarar kilomita 65 zuwa 75 daga arewacin mashigin Bab al-Mandab, sannan tana da nisan kusan kilomita 100 daga yammacin birnin Taiz.

Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Yemen ta ce tashar tana da tazarar kusan kilomita shida kacal daga babbar hanyar zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa da ta haɗa Tekun Indiya da Tekun Larabawa da Tekun Maliya da kuma mashigin Suez.

Asalin shaharar Mocha ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 16, inda birnin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Yemen, inda ake kai ƙwayoyin kofi (coffee) da ake nomawa a tsaunukan Yemen zuwa tashar kafin a fitar da su zuwa Indiya, Gabashin Afirka, Daular Usmaniyya da Turai.

A ƙarni na 17 da 18, kamfanonin a ƙasar Netherlands, Ingila da Faransa sun kafa ofisoshinsu a birnin. A hankali, sunan "Mocha" wanda ya samo asali daga Mokha, ya zama sananne a kasuwannin duniya a matsayin sunan da ake danganta wa da kofi na Yemen, sannan daga baya aka fara amfani da sunan wajen kiran irin abin sha mai haɗin kofi da cakulet.

Ba a iya safarar kofi kaɗai ake amfani da tashar ba. Tashar tana kuma fitar da turare, mur (wani nau'in sinadarin da ake samu daga bishiyoyi). Haka kuma, tana shigo da yadudduka, kayan ƙamshi, dabbobi da sauran kayayyaki daga Indiya, Gabashin Asiya da yankin Afirka.

Yayin da noman kofi ya yaɗu zuwa yankunan da Turawa suka yi wa mulkin mallaka a Asiya da Amurka, tashar Mocha ta fara rasa tasirinta a hankali.

Daga bisani, bunƙasar tashar Aden bayan da Birtaniya ta mamaye ta a shekarar 1839, tare da bunƙasar tashar Hodeidah, ya kawo ƙarshen tasirin Mocha a matsayin babbar hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin Sana'a da tsakiyar Yemen.

An gina gine-ginen tashar ta zamani a shekarun 1950, sannan aka gyara tare da faɗaɗa su a shekarun 1970.

A halin yanzu, tashar na da manyan wuraren sauke kaya guda biyu, waɗanda tsawonsu gaba ɗaya ya kai kusan mita 430, da ɗakunan ajiya, wuraren adana kaya, wani dandali na karɓar jiragen dakon man fetur da kuma cibiyar killace dabbobi.

An tsara tashar jiragen ruwa ta Mocha domin shige da ficen kusan tan miliyan 1.5 na kaya a kowace shekara. Sai dai zurfin mashigar tashar, wanda ke tsakanin mita 7.2 zuwa 7.8, ba ya ba ta damar karɓar manyan jiragen dakon kwantena da manyan jiragen dakon man fetur.

Haka kuma, tashar ta daɗe tana fama da ƙarancin kayan aikin loda wa da sauke kaya, rashin isassun ayyukan kula da jiragen ruwa da kuma buƙatar yawan aikin zurfafa mashigar tashar da kuma gyare-gyare.

Ayyukan kasuwanci na yau da kullum a tashar sun tsaya ne bayan barkewar yaƙi a ƙarshen shekarar 2014. Houthi sun karɓe ikon tashar a lokacin da suke faɗaɗa iko a gabar yammacin Yemen, amma dakarun da ke goyon bayan gwamnatin ƙasar sun sake ƙwace ta a watan Janairun 2017.

Daga nan tashar ta koma ƙarƙashin ikon "National Resistance Forces", ƙarƙashin jagorancin Tariq Saleh, wanda ke cikin Majalisar Shugabancin Yemen.

A watan Satumban 2021, yayin da ake shirin sake buɗe tashar domin karɓar kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashen waje, an kai mata hari da makami mai linzami da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa.

Harin ya lalata wasu sassan tashar, ɗakunan ajiyar kayan agaji da kuma tankin man fetur.

A watan Disamban 2025, gwamnatin Yemen ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna domin faɗaɗa tashar, a wani shiri da aka kiyasta kuɗinsa da kusan dala miliyan 138.9.

Ana sa ran aikin zai ƙara ƙarfin tashar zuwa tan miliyan 2.275 a kowace shekara, tare da ba ta damar karɓar kusan jiragen ruwa 195 a shekara.

Mun yi amfani da ƙirƙirarriyar basira wajen fassara wannan labari daga harshen Ingilishi. Ma'aikacin BBC ya sake duba labarin kafin a wallafa. Karanta ƙarin bayani kan yadda muke amfani da fasahar AI.