Urubaho rw’imyaka 500,000 rwavumbuwe muri Zambia ruhinduye uko twatekerezaga abatubanjirije

Kuvumburwa kw’amabango y’urubaho rwa cyera cyane ahagana ku nkombe z'umugezi wo muri Zambia byahinduye ibitekerezo by’inzobere ku bisigaramatongo ku buzima bw’abantu ba cyera.

Abashakashatsi babonye ibimenyetso ko uru rubaho rwakoreshejwe mu kubaka mu myaka hafi igice cya miliyoni ishize.

Ibi byabonywe, byatangajwe muri journal Nature, bivuze ko abantu bo muri icyo gihe ubundi bizwi ‘nk’abantu bo mu myaka y’ibuye’ bashobora kuba barubakaga ahantu ho kwikinga.

Inzobere mu bisigaramatongo Prof Larry Barham ati: "Iki cyabonetse cyahinduye uko natekerezaga abasokuru bacu ba cyera cyane."

Uyu muhanga wo kuri University of Liverpool ayoboye ubushakashatsi bwiswe Deep Roots of Humanity, ari nawo wacukuye ukanakorera isesengura uru rubaho rwo hambere cyane.

Ibi bihindura imitekerereze yari isanzweho ubu ku mibereho y’abantu ba cyera cyane, ko babagaho ubuzima bwo guhora bimuka.

Prof Barham ati: "Bakoze ikintu gishya, kinini, kandi mu rubaho.

"Bakoresheje ubwenge bwabo, gutekereza n’ubuhanga bahanga ikintu batigeze babona mbere, ikintu kitari cyarigeze kibaho mbere."

Aba bashakashatsi kandi bavumbuye ibindi bikoresho by’urubaho bya cyera, birimo ibyo gucukura. Ariko icyabatangaje kurusha ibindi ni amabango abiri y’imbaho basanze acomekanye.

Prof Geoff Duller inzobere mu bisigaramatongo yo muri University of Aberystwyth ati: "Amabango yombi araconze kandi ubasha kubona neza ko hakoreshejwe ibintu by’ibuye.

"Bituma aya mabango yombi ahura neza agakora ikintu kimwe."

Gucana umuriro

Isesenguraryisumbuyeho ryerekanye ko ayo mabango amaze imyaka 476,000.

Umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’ubu bushakashatsi, Perrice Nkombwe wo mu nzu ndangamurage ya Livingstone muri Zambia, ati: "Natangajwe no kumenya ko gukoresha imbaho ari umuco wa cyera cyane gutya.

"Byampishuriye ko twavumbuye ikintu kidasanzwe."

Kugeza ubu, ibimenyetso byerekana uko umuntu yakoreshaga imbaho byagarukiraga gusa ku gucana umuriro n’urushingo (igikoresho cy'ibiti Abanyarwanda bakoreshaga bacana umuriro), kubazamo ibintu nk’ibiti byo gucukura n’amacumu.

Ubuhanga bwo gupima imyaka

Bumwe mu buvumbuzi bw’urubaho rwa cyera cyane ryari icumu rimaze imyaka 400,000 ryacukuwe i Clacton-on-Sea i Essex mu Bwongereza mu 1911.

Uretse gusa iyo kibitswe mu buryo bwihariye cyane, ubundi urubaho rurabora rugashira.

Ariko ahegereye inkombe z’umugezi uri hejuru y’amasumo azwi nka Kalambo Falls, hafi y’umupaka wa Zambia na Tanzania, aya mabango yahoraga arengewe n’amazi bityo amera nk’atumbitse imyaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi.

Mu gupima imyaka aya mabango amaze aho hantu abahanga bakoresheje ubuhanga buzwi nka ‘luminescence dating’

Ingano y’aya mabango, irito rifite hafi 1.5m, isobanuye ko uwayateranyije wese yarimo kubaka ikintu runaka.

Birashoboka cyane ko icyo kitari akazu gato cyangwa ahantu ho gutura, ahubwo ko yaba hari ahantu ho kwikinga igihe gito, nk’uko ririya tsinda ribivuga.

Prof Duller ati: "Birashoboka ko cyari nk’ikintu cyo kwicaramo iruhande rw’umugezi umuntu arimo kuroba.

"Gusa biragoye kumenya neza neza icyo kintu uko cyari kimeze cyose."

Ntabwo kandi hazwi neza ubwoko bw’abantu ba cyera bacyubatse.

Nta magufa araboneka aha hantu kugeza ubu.

Kandi uru rubaho ni urwa cyera cyane kurusha abantu b’igihe cy’ubwenge bazwi nka Homo sapiens – ibisigaramatongo byerekanye ko ari abo mu myaka hafi 315,000 ishize.

Prof Duller ati: "Baba se ari ba Homo sapiens, gusa ntituravumbura ibisigaramatongo byo muri iyo myaka kugeza ubu.

"Ariko bashobora no kuba ari ubundi bwoko - Homo erectus cyangwa Homo naledi – muri Africa y’amajyepfo muri kiriya gihe hari amoko amwe y’aba cyera cyane."

Umuco wo gukoresha imbaho

Ziriya mbaho zajyanywe mu Bwongereza gusesengurwa no kubungabungwa, zibitse mu bigega bisa n’ibyigana uburyo zari zimazemo imyaka ibihumbi amagana ku nkombe y’umugezi.

Ariko vuba aha zizasubizwa muri Zambia kumurikwa.

Madamu Nkombwe ati: "Ubu buvumbuzi buratwizeza kongera ibyo twari dufite no kubukoresha mu kumenyesha abantu igisobanuro cy’umuco wo gukoresha urubaho muri Zambia."

Mu gihe akomeje ubushakashatsi kuri Kalambo Falls, uyu mugore yongeraho ko bafite "amahirwe yo kongera ubumenyi ku buhanga bwo gukoresha imbaho, ubugeni, n’uburyo muntu yabanaga n’ibimukikije.”