Iran yarononye ibigo 20 vya gisirikare vya Amerika kuva intambara itanguye

Amashusho yafashwe n'ibigendajuru hamwe n'amavidewo yasesenguwe na BBC Verify vyerekana ko Iran yononye ibibanza 20 vya gisirikare vya Amerika kuva intambara itanguye, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko uburemere bw'ivyo bitero bushobora kuba burenze cane ibitangazwa ku mugaragaro.

Kuva mu mpera za Ruhuhuma (2), Iran yagavye ibitero ku bibanza bihambaye vya gisirikare biri mu bihugu umunani vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati, bituma hononekara ibintu vy'agaciro k'amamiriyoni menshi y'amadolari, harimwo uburyo buhanitse bwo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere, indege zikoreshwa mu kunywesha izindi ibitoro ziri mu kirere hamwe n'ibikoresho bizwi nka radar.

Tehran (ubutegetsi bwa Irani) yagavye ibitero ku bigo vya gisirikare vya Amerika no ku bindi Amerika isangiye n'ibindi bihugu, mu kwihora ku bitero Amerika na Israel zagize kuri Iran na Liban mu mezi atatu aheze.

Ubushikiranganji bwa Amerika bujejwe kwivuna abansi (Pentagon) buvuga ko kuva hatanguye igikorwa ca gisirikare citwa Operation Epic Fury, hamaze kugabwa ibitero ku bibanza birenga 13.000 muri Iran.

Mojtaba Khamenei, Umuyobozi w'ikirenga wa Iran, yashatse kwerekana ubushobozi bw'igisirikare ciwe mu kugaba ibitero ku bibanza vya gisirikare vya Amerika.

Mw'itangazo yashize ahabona ku wa kabiri, yavuze ko akarere k'Ubuseruko bwo Hagati katakiri "ahantu hatekanye" ku birindiro vya Amerika.

N'ubwo ibiro vy'umukuru w'igihugu ca Amerika (Maison Blanche/White House) bikunze kuvuga ko ubushobozi bwa gisirikare bwa Iran bwahungabanye cane canke bwegereje guherengetera, abahinga mu vya gisirikare bavuga ko ivyononekaye vyabonetse ku bibanza vya Amerika vyerekana ko ibitero vya Iran vyo kwihora vyagabwe ku buryo ntahusha kandi ku rugero runini kuruta uko abategetsi ba Amerika bari basanzwe bavyemera ku mugaragaro.

Umutegetsi umwe wo mu gisata co kwivuna abansi ca Amerika ntiyashimye kugira ico yishuye BBC Verify kuri ibi iherutse gutora. Avuga ko ataco ashobora kubivugako kubera "imvo zijanye n'umutekano w'ibikorwa vya gisirikare."

Amerika yaragerageje kuzibira isesengura ry'amashusho y'ibigendajuru ajanye n'iyo ntambara, isaba ikompanyi Planet, rimwe mu makompanyi nyamukuru atanga aya mashusho, guhagarika "mu kiringo kitagira iherezo" amashusho mashasha ya Irani be n'ay'akarere hafi kose k'Ubuseruko bwo Hagati.

Iyi kompanyi yasiguye ico cemezo, ivuga ko yashaka ko aya mashusho yayo adakoreshwa "n'abakeba bobangamira ibihugu vy'ishirahamwe ryo kwivunira umwansi hamwe OTAN/NATO n'incuti zavyo mu gutera abakozi n'abasivire bavyo".

BBC Verify yakoresheje amashusho y'ibigendajuru yavuye ku bandi batanga ayo makuru ku rwego mpuzamakungu, iyahuza n'amashusho ya kera yatanzwe na Planet, kugira ngo ikurikirane ivyononekaye vyatewe n'ibitero vya Iran.

Ivyo bibanza vyagabweko ibitero biri muri Arabiya Sawudite, Emira Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE), Qatar, Koweti, Iraki, Yorodaniya, Bahrein na Oman.

Igitigiri nyaco c'ibibanza vyononekaye gishobora kuba kiri hejuru y'ico, kuko bamwe mu bahinga bavuga ko ibirindiro vya gisirikare vyashikiriwe n'ibitero bishobora gushika no kuri 28.

Mu bikoresho vya gisirikare vy'agaciro kanini vyononekaye harimwo ibikoho vya muzinga vyo ku rwego ruhanitse cane vyo kwivuna ibisasu vya misire za balistique, vyari mu bigo vy'igisirikare kirwanira mu kirere vya Al Ruwais na Al Sader muri Emira Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE), hamwe n'ivya Muwaffaq Salti muri Yorodaniya.

Amerika izwi ko ikoresha gusa vya muzinga umunani vyo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere bizwi nka Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD). Ibi bikoro rutura vyashizwe ku bigo vya gisirikare bitandukanye kw'isi yose kandi kimwe kimwe cose gitwara amafaranga angana n'imiliyaridi imwe y'amadolari y'Amerika mu kugihingura.

Kimwe kimwe cose muri ibi bikoho rutura vya THAAD gisaba abasirikare bababa 100 kugira ngo bagikoreshe, mu gihe igisasu caco gisamira mu kirere ibindi bisasu gifise agaciro kagera kuri miliyoni 12,7 z'amadolari ya Amerika.

Vice-Admiral Mark Mellett, yahoze arongoye Igisirikare ca Irlande, yabwiye BBC Verify ko ubu buhinga rutura bwa THAAD ari inkingi nyamukuru y'urwego rwo kwivuna abansi rwo mu karere "rugoye cane", kandi ko budashobora gusubirizwa ningoga canke bitagoranye.

Isesangura ryakozwe n'abahinga ku mashusho yafashwe n'ibigendajuru ryerekana kandi ko ibitero vya Iran vyononye cane indege za Amerika zikoreshwa mu kunywesha izindi ibitoro ziri mu kirere hamwe n'indege z'igendereza zari mu bigo vya Prince Sultan muri Arabiya Sawudite. Amashusho yerekana neza indege zononekaye hamwe n'ibinogo vyimburuwe n'ibisasu bikiriko bifumbamwo umwotsi.

Umusesanguzi umwe wo muri MAIAR yamenye ko imwe muri izo ndege yari iyo mu bwoko bwa E-3 Sentry, ikoreshwa mu kugenzura no mu bijanye n'igendereza ryo mu kirere. Ibinyamakuru vya Amerika vyatangaje ko kuyisubiriza bishobora gusaba amafaranga ashika kuri miliyoni 700 z'amadolari ya Amerika.

Ahandi naho, ibitero vya Iran vyagabwe ku birindiro vya Ali Al Salem hamwe no kuri Camp Arifjan muri Koweti.

Abasesanguzi bo muri MAIAR babonye ku mashusho y'ibigendajuru ko ububiko bw'ibitoro bwubakiwe mu nzu zikomeye zo kubukingira, ububiko bw'indege za gisirikare hamwe n'aho abasirikare baba vyasambuwe kuri ivyo birindiro, vyagabweko ibitero incuro nyinshi mu gihe c'iyo ntambara.

Kuri Camp Arifjan na ho, ishirahamwe Janes rikora ubushakashatsi mu vy'igendereza n'umutekano ryabonye ko ibikoresho vy'itumatumanako bikoresha ibigendajuru vyononekaye cane.

Urugero rw'ivyononekaye ku nyubakwa n'ibikorwa remezo vya Amerika biragoye kurushira neza mu biharuro, ariko icegeranyo c'ukwezi kwa Rusama (5) cakozwe na Pentagon cerekanye ko iki gikorwa ca gisirikare ciswe Operation Epic Fury catwaye amafaranga angana na miliyaridi 29 z'amadolari y'Abanyamerika. Bivugwa ko igice kinini c'ayo mafaranga kizokoreshwa mu gusanura canke gusubiriza ibikoresho vyasambuwe muri iyo ntambara. Abademokarate bavuga ko ivyo bitigiri bishobora kuba biri munsi y'ukuri.

Iyo raporo kandi yasanze kuva muri Ruhuhuma (2), indege n'ibindi bikoresho vyo mu kirere bishika kuri 42 vyasambuwe canke vyononekaye, harimwo indege z'intambara zo mu bwoko bwa F-15 na F-35, drone 24 zo mu bwoko bwa MQ-9 Reaper, hamwe n'indege y'ibitero yo mu bwoko bwa A-10.

Ugereranije n'ibikoresho vya gisirikare vya Amerika bizimvye cane, Iran bivugwa ko yakoresheje drone zidakenera amafaranga menshi kandi zisubirizwa bitagoranye mu kugaba ibitero ku bibanza bitandukanye vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati.

Abahinga baganiriye na BBC Verify bavuze ko uburyo Iran yakoresheje mu ntambara bwagiye burahinduka uko iminsi yahera. Yavuye ku bitero vyagutse vy'ibisasu vya misire vyarasa ibisagara n'ibirindiro vya gisirikare hirya no hino mu Buseruko bwo Hagati, igatangura kugaba ibitero birushiriza kuba ntahusha kandi vyerekejwe ku bibanza vyihariye.

Dr Kelly Grieco, umuhinga akorera ikigo c'ubushakashatsi co muri Amerika citwa Stimson Centre, agira ati: "Mu ntango, Irani yari yateguye kurekurira ica rimwe ibisasu vyinshi cane, mu ntumbero yo kuremera ubwirinzi bwo mu kirere n'ubw'ibisasu vya misire kubera ubwinshi bwavyo."

Abandanya agira ati: "Ariko mu misi mikeyi yakurikiye, Iran yahinduye umukenyuro, ikora ibitero bitobito kandi ntahusha ku bibanza vyihariye. Ibi vyayifashije kuziganya misire na drone zari zisigaye kugira izikoreshe ku bibanza bifise agaciro kanini, no gushira inguvu z'ibitero ahantu mbere n'igihe igisasu gihushije gishobora kwonona ibitari bike.

Umuhinga umwe wo mu kigo MAIAR yabwiye BBC Verify ko igisirikare ca Amerika "gisa n'icagize ukwijajara mu ntango z'intambara", kuko kitagiye cigiza indege zaco mu turere tudashobora gushikirwa na drone na misire vya Iran mu gihe Tehran yariko irahindura uburyo bwo kugaba ibitero.

Yavuze kandi ko ku birindiro vya Prince Sultan, ico kibanza cari kimaze kugabwako ibitero imbere y'uko izo ndege zisamburwa.

Umuyobozi w'Ikirenga wa Iran, Mojtaba Khamenei, yararahiye ko "ibihugu n'ubutaka bwo muri aka karere bitazosubira kuba inkinzo z'ibirindiro vya Amerika".

Yongeyeko ati: "Amerika ntizosubira kugira ahantu hatekanye muri aka karere ho gukoreramwo ibikorwa vyayo canke gushinga ibirindiro vya gisirikare, kandi uko iminsi izogenda, izorushiriza gutakaza ikibanza yari ifise mbere muri aka karere."

Aya majambo yayavuze haciye iminsi mike gusa agahengwe k'intambara kari hagati ya Amerika na Iran gatanguye guhungabana. Ku wa kane, ingabo zidasanzwe za Iran zizwi nka IRGC (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) zatangaje ko zarashe ku kigo ca Amerika kiri muri ako karere, inyuma y'aho Amerika yongeye kugaba ibitero bishasha mu bumanuko bwa Iran.

Dr Kelly Grieco yaburiye ko hamwe agahengwe k'intambara gasanzwe kagoyagoya hagati ya Amerika na Iran kosenyuka maze intambara igasubira gusutama, ivyononekaye mu bibanza bitandukanye vya Amerika vyerekana ko ivyo bigo vya gisirikare biri mu bihugu vyo mu kigobe vyohabonera amakuba arenze.

Yavuze ati: "Iyi ntambara imaze gukoresha uburyo bwinshi cane mu bubiko bwa Amerika n'abafatanyabikorwa bw'ibikoresho vyo kwivuna ibitero vyo mu kirere.

"Nta buryo bwihuta buhari bwo kubisubiriza. Ibi bisigura ko ari nka hamwe Iran yoramuka isubiriye kugaba igitero gishasha, cohangana n'ubuhinga buto cane bwo gutangira misire ugereranije n'ubwari buhari igihe intambara yatangura."

Barbara Metzler na Tom Gould baraterereye muri iyi nkuru.