Su wane ne mayaƙan Houthi a Yemen, kuma me ya sa suke rikici da Saudiyya?

A cikin ƴan makonnin nan, an sake samun ƙaruwar rikici tsakanin mayaƙan Houthi na Yemen da Saudiyya, lamarin da ya jawo tattaunawa kan rawar da ƙawancen tsaro na Pakistan da Turkiyya da Saudiyya ka iya takawa.

Amma su waye Houthiyawan da ke Yemen, kuma mene ne musabbabin rikicinsu da Saudiyya?

Jami'an Saudiyya sun ce Houthiyawan sun harba jirage marasa matuƙa da makamai masu linzami da dama kan cibiyoyin makamashi da sauran wuraren fararen hula a ƙasar, lamarin da ya jikkata mutum 73.

Rundunar sojin Saudiyya da ma'aikatar makamashin ƙasar sun ce hare-haren da aka kai ranar Talata sun shafi birane huɗu a yankin kudu maso yammacin ƙasar. Hare-haren sun haddasa gobara a cibiyoyin man fetur da wasu wurare, lamarin da ya tilasta dakatar da ayyuka na ɗan lokaci a wasu yankuna.

Ƙawancen sojojin da Saudiyya ke jagoranta a Yemen ya ce zai mayar da martani ga abin da ya bayyana a matsayin "wannan hatsarin rikici".

A gefe guda kuma, Houthiyawan sun ce hare-haren nasu martani ne ga hare-haren da Saudiyya ta kai a baya-bayan nan kan wuraren da suke iko da su a arewa maso yammacin Yemen.

A ranar Litinin, Houthiyawan sun zargi Saudiyya da kai hari kan wani gidan yari da ke birnin Al-Hazm, inda suka ce aƙalla mutum 11 suka mutu. Rahotanni sun ce har yanzu akwai fursunoni kusan 20 da ake zargin suna maƙale a ƙarƙashin ɓaraguzan ginin.

Mai magana da yawun ƙawancen sojojin da Saudiyya ke jagoranta a Yemen, Manjo Janar Turki Al-Maliki, ya ce hare-haren jirage marasa matuƙa da makamai masu linzami da Houthiyawan suka kai sun shafi wuraren fararen hula da cibiyoyin tattalin arziki a biranen Abha da Khamis Mushait da Jazan da Najran.

Ya ƙara da cewa daga cikin waɗanda suka jikkata akwai mata da yara.

A cikin wata sanarwa da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Saudiyya ta fitar, tana mai naƙalto majiyoyin gwamnati, ta ce an samu rahotannin jikkatar mutane bayan da aka kai hare-hare kan "cibiyoyi da wurare da dama da ke da alaƙa da sashen makamashi."

Sanarwar ta ce hare-haren sun haddasa gobara a wurare da dama, lamarin da ya sa aka dakatar da wasu ayyuka na ɗan lokaci.

Mai magana da yawun ƙawancen sojojin da Saudiyya ke jagoranta, Manjo Janar Turki Al-Maliki, ya bayyana hare-haren Houthiyawan a matsayin "mummunar ƙara ta'azzara rikici", yana mai cewa hakan na tabbatar da abin da ya kira "halayen ƙiyayya da rashin ɗaukar alhakin waɗannan ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa na ta'addanci."

Ya kuma ce ƙawancen zai ɗauki "duk matakan soji da suka dace" domin daƙile ayyukan ƙungiyar.

A nasa ɓangaren, kakakin sojojin Houthiyawa, Yahya Saree, ya zargi rundunar sojin Saudiyya da kai hare-haren sama fiye da 120 a lardunan Ma'rib da Al-Bayda da Hodeidah da Taiz da kuma Al-Jawf a Yemen cikin kwanaki uku da suka gabata.

Ya ce Saudiyyar ta aikata "manyan laifuka", kuma Houthiyawan sun mayar da martani ga abin da ya kira "ta'addancin hare-hare" ta hanyar harba makamai masu linzami da jirage marasa matuƙa masu yawa.

A cewarsa, hare-haren sun yi sanadiyyar "asara mai yawa."

Yaƙin Yemen da sabon tashe-tashen hankula

Fiye da shekara goma kenan ƙawancen ƙasashen Larabawa da Saudiyya ke jagoranta na marawa gwamnatin Yemen baya a yaƙinta da Houthiyawa, a rikicin cikin gida da ya haifar da mummunar ɓarna a ƙasar.

Wata yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ba ta hukuma ba da ta ɗauki kusan shekara huɗu ta fara samun tangarɗa ne a watan Yuli, bayan da Houthiyawan suka ayyana abin da suka kira "takunkumin ruwa" kan Saudiyya.

Daga nan suka fara kai hare-hare da makamai masu linzami da jirage marasa matuƙa kan filayen jiragen sama da cibiyoyin man fetur da kuma jiragen dakon mai na Saudiyya a Tekun Bahar Maliya.

Houthiyawan sun ce sun ɗauki matakin ne a matsayin martani ga takunkumin da Saudiyya ta sanya kan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da filayen jiragen sama a yankunan da suke iko da su, da kuma wani hari da aka kai filin jirgin saman Sana'a, wanda suka ɗora alhakinsa kan Saudiyyar.

Tun daga ranar Alhamis kuma, an ci gaba da gwabza ƙazamin faɗa a yankin gabar tekun kudu maso yammacin Yemen, bayan da Houthiyawan suka ƙaddamar da wani farmaki kan dakarun da ke goyon bayan gwamnatin Yemen.

Rahotanni sun ce manufar farmakin ita ce ƙwace iko da mashigar Bab al-Mandab, wata muhimmiyar mashigar ruwa da ke haɗa Tekun Bahar Maliya da Tekun Aden.

Rahotanni sun nuna cewa fiye da mutum 300 ne suka mutu a rikicin, yayin da kusan mutum 18,500 suka rasa matsugunansu.

A lokacin rikicin da ya haɗa Amurka da Isra'ila da Iran, muhimmancin Tekun Bahar Maliya ga fitar da man fetur na Saudiyya ya ƙaru, musamman bayan da zirga-zirga ta ragu sosai a mashigar Hormuz da ke Tekun Fasha.

Iran ta musanta goyon bayan Houthi: "Ansarullah ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta''

A ranar Laraba ne, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Marco Rubio, ya danganta hare-haren da Houthiyawan suka kai da Iran, inda ya ce: "Houthiyawa, ta fuskoki da dama, ƙungiya ce da ke aiki a madadin Iran kuma tana yi mata hidima. A ganina, a bayyane yake cewa Iran ce ke bayan waɗannan hare-hare."

Da yake mayar da martani ga kalaman na Marco Rubio, kakakin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Iran, Ismail Baqaei, ya ce ƙungiyar Ansarullah, wato Houthiyawa, ƙungiya ce mai cin gashin kanta wajen yanke hukuncinta.

Ya ce: "Ba sa karɓar umarni daga wata ƙasa ko wani ɓangare, kuma ba wakilai ba ne da ke yi wa wani hidima."

Ya ƙara da cewa tushen rashin zaman lafiya a yankin shi ne sa hannun sojin Amurka da manufofinta da suka ginu kan neman rinjaye a yankin.

A cewarsa, "Idan har Washington na son zaman lafiya da gaske, mataki mai sauƙi guda ɗaya kawai za ta ɗauka: ta dakatar da ayyukanta da kuma tsoma bakin da ke haddasa rashin zaman lafiya a yankinmu."

Kakakin ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Iran ya kuma yi bayani kan matsayar Tehran game da kawo ƙarshen yaƙin Yemen, inda ya ce ba za a iya samar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar hare-haren bama-bamai ko matsin lamba daga waje ba.

Ya ce, "Zaman lafiya a Yemen zai fara ne da tattaunawa ta gaskiya tsakanin ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa, bisa wani tsari da kowa ya amince da shi."

A lokuta da dama, Amurka da ƙawayenta na ƙasashen Yamma da kuma ƙasashen Larabawa masu goyon bayan Saudiyya sun zargi Iran da bai wa Houthiyawan Yemen makamai, tare da zargin Tehran da amfani da rikicin Yemen a matsayin wata hanyar fafatawa da Saudiyya ta hannun wasu.

Sai dai Iran ta sha musanta waɗannan zarge-zarge.

Su wane ne mayaƙan Houthi a Yemen?

Houthiyawa sun samo asali ne daga ƙungiyoyi da suka daɗe suna takun-saka da gwamnatin Yemen, kuma tun farko mabiyan mazhabar Zaidiyya ne, ɗaya daga cikin mazhabobin Shi'a.

Mazhabar Zaidiyya na da alaƙa da juyin-juya halin da Zayd bin Ali, jikan Ali bin Abi Talib, ya jagoranta a ƙarni na takwas bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa. Ya yi wa daular Umayyawa tawaye kafin daga baya ya rasu a hannun gwamnan khalifa Hisham bin Abdul Malik.

Masana na ganin cewa abubuwa da dama ne suka taimaka wajen bayyanar Houthiyawa, ciki har da dalilan addini da siyasa da tarihi da kuma yanayin ƙasa. Haka kuma suna danganta kafuwarsu da ƙoƙarin kare haƙƙoƙin al'ummomin yankunan da mabiya Zaidiyya suka fi yawa.

A shekarar 1990 ne aka kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna "Muminai Matasa" (The Young Believers), da nufin tunkarar abin da mabiyanta suka kira nuna wariya da keɓance yankunan Zaidiyya. An yi amannar cewa mabiya mazhabar suna tsakanin kashi 35 zuwa 40 cikin 100 na al'ummar Yemen.

Ƙungiyar ta fara samun karɓuwa ne bayan yawan matasan da suka shiga ayyukanta ya ƙaru a sassa daban-daban na ƙasar.

A wancan lokacin, ƙungiyar ta yi fice wajen sukar Amurka da Isra'ila, tare da amfani da taken adawa da Isra'ila a tarurruka da sauran ayyukanta.

Hukumomin Yemen sun ɗauki matakai kan wasu daga cikin matasan da ke cikin ƙungiyar ta hanyar kama su, sai dai bayan an sake su sukan koma ci gaba da ayyukansu kamar yadda suka saba.

Jagoran farko na ƙungiyar, Hussein Badr al-Din al-Houthi, ɗan wani fitaccen malamin addini ne. Tun farko yana cikin wata ƙaramar jam'iyya mai suna Al-Haq.

Jam'iyyar Al-Haq ta samu kujeru biyu a majalisar dokokin Yemen a zaɓen shekarar 1993, kuma Hussein Al-Houthi ya riƙe ɗaya daga cikin kujerun daga 1993 zuwa 1997.

Bayan harin 11 ga watan Satumbar 2001 da kuma abubuwan da suka biyo baya, ciki har da mamayar Iraki da Amurka ta jagoranta, Hussein Al-Houthi ya karkata zuwa sabon tafarki na tunani wanda ya haɗa da farfaɗo da akidun wayar da kan addini. Haka kuma ya samu tasiri daga wasu ra'ayoyin Juyin Juya Halin Musulunci na Iran.

Da farko, ƙungiyar Muminai Matasa ta fi mayar da hankali ne kan kare muradun al'ummar birnin Sa'da, wanda ake kallon a matsayin cibiyar mazhabar Shi'a a Yemen.

Sai dai daga baya ta faɗaɗa ayyukanta zuwa fannonin zamantakewa kamar ilimi da siyasa, tare da ƙara tsayawa adawa da gwamnatin tsohon shugaban Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh.